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Black |country = Iraq }} The Al-Muthanna Club ((アラビア語:Nadi al-Muthanna)) was an influential pan-Arab fascist society established in Baghdad ca. 1935 to 1937 which remained active until May 1941, when the coup d'état of pro-Nazi Rashid Ali al-Gaylani failed. It was named after Al-Muthanna ibn Haritha, an Iraqi Muslim Arab general who led forces that helped to defeat the Persian Sassanids at the Battle of al-Qādisiyyah.〔Edmund Ghareeb, Beth Dougherty. ''Historical Dictionary of Iraq''. Lanham, Maryland, USA; Oxford, England, UK: Scarecrow Press, 2004. Pp. 167, 1.〕 Later known as the ''National Democratic Party'', Nadi al-Muthanna was influenced by European fascism and controlled by radical Arab nationalists who, according to 2005's ''Memories of State'', "formed the core of new radicals" for a combined Pan-Arab civilian and military coalition.〔''The Encyclopaedia of Islam'', Volume 4, p. 125, by Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb, Johannes Hendrik Kramers, Bernard Lewis, Charles Pellat, Joseph Schacht, 1954, ()〕〔''Memories of state'': politics, history, and collective identity in modern Iraq, by Eric Davis, 2005, page 74, ()〕 ==Saib Shawkat== In 1938, as fascism in Iraq grew, Sami Shawkat, a known fascist and a pan-Arab nationalist, was appointed director-general of education.〔''Saddam Hussein and the crisis in the Gulf'' p. 73, Judith Miller, Laurie Mylroie, Biography & Autobiography, Times Books, 1990〕 The al-Muthanna club, under German ambassador Fritz Grobba's influence, developed a youth organization, the al-Futuwwa, modeled on European fascist lines and on Hitler Youth,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title='You boys you are the seeds from which our great President Saddam will rise again' - Telegraph )〕 it was founded in 1939 by then director-general of Iraq's education (al-Muthanna's co-founder) pan-Arab activist Saib Shawkat, and was and under his guidance. He is also famous for his 1933 speech "The Manufacture of Death", in which he preached for the highest calling of accepting death for the pan-Arabism cause, he argued that the ability to cause and accept death in pursuit of pan-Arab ideals was the highest calling. It has been said, that Shawkat's path (ideology and military youth movement), influenced the Popular Army and youth organizations of the Baath Party, which appeared much later on.〔''Iran, Iraq, and the Arab Gulf States'', Joseph A. Kechichian, Gustave E. von Grunebaum Center for Near Eastern Studies, lgrave Macmillan, 2001, p. 84 ()〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Al-Muthanna Club」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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